Abusive lending practices revealed during the foreclosure crisis led
to new rules designed to protect struggling homeowners. New guidelines
are sometimes being violated, Attorney General Jack Conway said last
week, adding consumers should stay on alert.
The
rules are complex — there are 320 guidelines agreed to by five mortgage
banks as part of banking reforms that include the $25 billion National
Mortgage Settlement — so if you are fighting foreclosure or seeking
better terms for a loan, consumer advocates say you should educate
yourself about your rights.
“People who are in danger need to know this information,” said Brian Tucker. “These rules can help buy you time.”
New
federal rules make sense to Tucker. The steelworker was unemployed with
a broken leg when he asked JPMorgan Chase to lower the mortgage payment
on his Valley Station home in 2009. The application process stretched
over a year, during which Tucker found a job but was still struggling to
pay his bills. Before long, Tucker was talking to one arm of the bank
still processing his new loan application while also being served with a
foreclosure notice by the bank’s collection department.
Now
it is illegal for banks to pursue foreclosure while a homeowner is
working in good faith to pursue a lower payment via a home loan
modification.
“We
worked very hard to keep this customer in his home,” Chase spokeswoman
Amy Bonitatibus said Thursday. Citing bank privacy policy, she declined
further comment on Tucker’s account.
Chase
is one of the country’s five largest mortgage banks subject to the new
rules. In settling, the banks admitted they violated the law by hastily
pursuing foreclosures without verifying facts were correct. They also
acknowledged they “routinely” signed foreclosure-related documents
outside the presence of a notary public.
Under
the new rules, struggling homeowners are supposed to find it easier to
seek lower mortgage payments by applying for a loan modification, with
clearer guidelines on how much time they have to submit, correct and
respond to bank documents.
So far, 1,757 Kentucky homeowners who endured foreclosure have
received more than $61.1 million in settlement checks or loan
modification relief from the five banks — Chase, Ally/GMAC, Citi, Bank
of America and Wells Fargo — Attorney General Jack Conway said Tuesday.
The deadline has passed for homeowners who lost their homes to
foreclosure between 2008 and 2011 to apply for compensation.
But
Conway said there is growing concern from states that some of the
banks, which make and service 60 percent of all mortgage loans, are not
abiding by new rules that give consumers time to try to save their home.
“There
have been complaints from consumers that servicers are not meeting
their obligations under the settlement,” Conway said. “We are aware of
the concerns and are collaborating with other attorneys general about
the best way to resolve these complaints to ensure that consumers
receive the relief entitled to them.”
New
York Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman recently announced he will
file a federal lawsuit accusing Bank of America and Wells Fargo of
“repeated and persistent failure to comply” with the new standards.
Whether
Kentucky will join that fight remains unclear. Conway said Tuesday his
office is fielding similar complaints from homeowners, and he is
conferring with attorney general colleagues on whether similar legal
action is required.
Bank
of America spokesman Richard Simon, responding to the threat of
litigation by New York, praised the settlement and said the bank is
working to address customer service problems. “This agreement has been
good for New York, and we continue using these beneficial programs to
assist troubled homeowners in New York and nationally,” he said.
JPMorgan
Chase “is complying with every one of the 320 guidelines,” Bonitatibus
said. “So far, we have helped 126,000 homeowners stay in their homes.”
Consumers’
new rights include specific time standards. Banks are required to
provide borrowers with written notice they have received a loan
modification application within three business days of getting it.
Banks
are also required to notify borrowers of missing documents or
deficiencies in their loan modification application in five business
days. Banks must give borrowers 30 days to correct problems or submit
missing documents.
Banks must have a
single point of contact to coordinate communication with a homeowner.
And banks must explain in plain language in monthly statements what
legal and interest charges are being racked up, and will be due to save
the home if the application fails.
The new “
servicing standards” have been in place more than a year, having been finalized with the
U.S. Department of Justice in early 2012.
Tucker’s
odyssey began in 2009 when Chase offered him a loan modification
application for the home he bought in 1996 for $50,000. At the time,
banks widely marketed loan modifications, under pressure from the
federal
“Making Home Affordable”
The
bank gave Tucker a lower monthly “trial payment” while his application
was being considered, reducing his $450 regular monthly payment to
around $325. While he made the lower payment, Tucker said he did not
know he would be on the hook for his old monthly payment if his loan
modification application did not succeed.
The
process dragged on for a year, during which the bank claimed his
documents were lost several times, leading to faxing and re-faxing
previously mailed items, Tucker said. Meanwhile, he found work
assembling washers at GE’s Appliance Park for $13 per hour, half his
former rate as a union ironworker.
Foreclosure
proceedings began, with a Jefferson County sheriff’s deputy serving
notice on his front porch, he said. By September 2010, the bank declared
his application had been rejected. To save his home, Tucker was
informed he would have to reinstate his former mortgage. That totaled a
year’s worth of partial mortgage payments and legal fees, all due within
10 days.
In a scramble, Tucker said, he saved his home by seeking emergency
loans from loved ones. The loan’s back due amount, and late fees, came
to $5,799 in with bank legal fees bringing the total to $8,000.
“I
have dealt with loan sharks more forgiving than these people,” Tucker
said. He declined to identify how much money he received, but said it
“is a fraction” of the $8,000 required to save his Grafton Hall Road
ranch.
Although Tucker did not lose his home, he still won compensation via the
Independent Foreclosure Review.
That federal program was designed to assist homeowners who suffered
financial injury during a foreclosure process in 2009 and 2010, but held
onto their homes. The deadline for that relief has passed for most
lenders, excepts a handful of banks including GMAC Mortgage.
Foreclosure
remains a local threat as wages retreat. One in five local homeowners
is still vulnerable to defaulting on a mortgage, according to “
Louisville’s Foreclosure Recovery,” a March 2012 report by the nonprofit
Metropolitan Housing Coalition.
Incomes
are falling in Louisville as many laid-off workers find employment, but
often not at lower pay rates than before. Median income per capita is
estimated at $42,500 in this year, down 5.2 percent from $44,833 in
2012, according to the latest guidelines for greater Louisville from the
federal Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Catastrophic
health crises, job loss and divorce continue to be leading causes of
consistent foreclosure problems in the region, according to Christie J.
McCravy, a spokeswoman for the Louisville Urban League.
By
late May, 1,872 mortgage lenders had initiated foreclosure proceedings,
an annual rate similar to the foreclosure pace in 2011 and 2012,
according to Jefferson Circuit Court. There is evidence, however, that
new lending guidelines are being adopted by the finance industry as a
result of the National Mortgage Settlement and Independent Foreclosure
Review.
As proof, there is evidence mortgage banks are slowing down in the
race to sell homes on the block. In 2011 and 2012, 40 percent and 41
percent, respectively, of all foreclosure cases were canceled or
withdrawn by lenders in Louisville. So far this year, the foreclosure
cancellation rate is running at 51 percent.
The
reduced percentage of homes actually sold in a foreclosure auction
suggests banks “are holding off on moving for judgments,” Jefferson
County Master Commissioner Edith Halbleib said Thursday.
Consumers
can navigate changing mortgage industry standards best via certified,
nonprofit housing counselors at agencies like the
Louisville Urban League, the Housing Partnership and the Legal Aid Society, housing advocates say.
Home
borrowers and homeowners seeking to modify a mortgage “need someone who
knows their way around,” said Cathy Hinko, executive director of the
Metropolitan Housing Coalition. “Barriers are huge, and having someone
walk you through it is really important.”